Oge agụpụtara echere: 4 Nkeji
Ọdịnaya
Kọleji OpenStax, CC BY 3.0 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0, site na Wikimedia Commons
Sistemụ akwara obi, kalp, arịa ọbara ve site na ọbara Ọ bụ usoro na-arụ ọrụ iji nọgide na-arụ ọrụ dị mkpa n'ime ahụ. Nke a bụ isi ọrụ nke sistemu a n'uju:
Ọrụ ụgbọ njem
Ọrụ kachasị mkpa nke sistemu obi bụ ịrụ ọrụ njem n'ime ahụ:
• Ụgbọ njem oxygen: A na-ebunye ọbara oxygen na ngụgụ n'ime usoro nke obi ma nyefee ya na anụ ahụ.
• Mwepu carbon dioxide: A na-ebuga Carbon dioxide, nke etolite n'ihi metabolism na anụ ahụ, na-ebuga ya n'obi site na veins wee si n'ebe ahụ banye na ngụgụ wee wepụ ya n'ahụ.
• Ụgbọ njem nke ihe oriri: A na-ebuga nri ndị dị ka glucose, amino acids na fatty acids nke usoro nri nri na-etinye n'ime anụ ahụ site na ọbara.
• Nkesa Hormones: A na-ebuga homonụ ndị a napụtara na gland endocrine na-ebuga akụkụ ahụ ndị e lekwasịrị anya site na ọbara.
Mwepụ ihe mkpofu metabolic
A na-ebuga ihe mkpofu na-emerụ ahụ ma ọ bụ nke na-adịghị mkpa emebere n'oge metabolism na-ebuga na akụkụ ahụ excretory site na sistemụ obi:
• Maka akụrụ: A na-ebufe ihe mkpofu dị ka urea na creatinine na akụrụ wee si na mmamịrị pụta.
• Maka imeju: A na-ebuga ihe ndị na-egbu egbu na ụfọdụ ngwaahịa metabolic na imeju, ebe a na-ewepụ ha ma wepụ ya n'ahụ.
Iwu okpomọkụ
Usoro obi obi na-arụ ọrụ dị mkpa n'ịkwado okpomọkụ ahụ mgbe niile:
• Ọbara na-enye nguzozi okpomọkụ site na iburu okpomọkụ site na ebe ọkụ nke ahụ (dịka mọzụlụ) gaa na ebe oyi.
• arịa ndị dị n'okpuru akpụkpọ ahụ na-achịkwa ọnwụ okpomọkụ site na ịgbasawanye (vasodilation) ma ọ bụ narrowing (vasoconstriction).
Nchekwa ahụ
Ọbara bụ akụkụ dị mkpa nke sistemu ahụ ji alụso ọrịa ọgụ, usoro obi na-arụkwa ọrụ dị mkpa n'ọrụ nchekwa:
• Selụ ọbara ọcha (leukocytes): Ọ na-egbochi ọrịa site n'ịlụso microorganisms ọgụ.
• Usoro coagulation: Platelet na ihe ndị na-egbochi mkpụkọ na-akwụsị mfu ọbara ma ọ bụrụ na enwere mmebi akwara.
• Ụgbọ njem mgbochi: Ọgwụ nje ndị lymphocytes na-emepụta na-echebe ahụ pụọ n'ọrịa nje.
Iwu Ọbara Ọbara
Usoro obi obi na-eme ka arụ ọrụ nke akụkụ ahụ dị mma na-arụ ọrụ nke ọma site n'ime ka ọbara mgbali elu kwụsie ike:
• Ịchịkwa Ọbara Ọbara: Ntuzi n'etiti mmepụta obi na mgbochi vaskụla na-achịkwa ọbara mgbali.
• Akụrụ na usoro hormonal (dịka ọmụmaatụ, usoro renin-angiotensin-aldosterone) na-arụ ọrụ na usoro obi na-achịkwa ọbara mgbali.
• Na-edobe nrụgide nkịtị na akwara akwara (nrụgide akwara sistemu): Usoro obi obi na-ejigide nrụgide hydrostatic (ọbara mgbali elu) n'ime akwara, na-eme ka ọbara rute anụ ahụ n'ogo zuru oke na ọsọ ọsọ.
-Ike Mgbapụta nke Obi: Obi na-ebufe ọbara site na nrụgide n'ime akwara ma na-edobe nrụgide akwara na-adịgide adịgide.
-Iwu nke Ọbara Ọbara: Ọdịdị na-agbanwe agbanwe nke akwara na nguzogide na arterioles na-arụ ọrụ dị oke mkpa n'ịhazi nrụgide akwara usoro.
• Ọga n'ihu nke nrụgide na Capillaries na veins: Iwu nke nrụgide hydrostatic na capillaries na veins na-eme ka ọbara lọghachi nke ọma site na anụ ahụ.
-Nrụgide Hydrostatic Capillary: A na-edobe nrụgide hydrostatic na capillaries ka anụ ahụ nwee ike ịgbanwe oxygen, nri na ihe mkpofu.
-Nlaghachi nke Venous: Site n'ịnọgide na-enwe nrụgide dị ala na veins, ọbara na-alaghachi n'obi.
• Ọbara Ọbara nkịtị na Tissues: Ịga n'ihu nke nguzozi nrụgide a na-enyere akụkụ ahụ na anụ ahụ aka ịnọgide na-agba ọsọ ọbara mgbe niile yana ya mere ọrụ dị mma.
Ịkwado pH Balance
Usoro obi obi na-eme ka anụ ahụ dịgide n'ime pH kwesịrị ekwesị:
• Sistemu nchekwa: Ọbara na-edobe itule acid-base site na usoro dịka sistemu nchekwa carbon-bicarbonate.
• Ụgbọ njem CO₂: Ọ na-enye aka na sistemụ nchekwa mgbe ị na-ebu carbon dioxide ma na-achịkwa ọkwa pH nke anụ ahụ.
Ụgbọ njem nke Hormones na Enzymes
Sistemụ obi na-ebufe homonụ na enzymes dị iche iche ewepụtara na gland endocrine:
• Ọmụmaatụ: insulin, na-achịkwa metabolism metabolism. adrenaline, na-anabata nrụgide.
Na-edobe Balance Electrolyte
Mgbasa ọbara na-eme ka nkesa ziri ezi nke electrolytes (sodium, potassium, calcium, wdg) n'ime ahụ:
• Electrolytes dị mkpa maka ịrụ ọrụ nke ọma nke akwara na mkpụrụ ndụ akwara na-ebufe site na ọbara.
Mweghachi anụ ahụ na ọgwụgwọ
Usoro obi obi na-akwado usoro ọgwụgwọ ma ọ bụrụ na mmebi anụ ahụ dị:
• Ọ na-akwalite nrụpụta cell site n'ibu ọbara, oxygen, nri na ihe ndị na-eto eto na mpaghara ndị mebiri emebi.
Carbon Dioxide na Oxygen Transport Cycle
Usoro obi obi na-achịkwa mgbanwe gas site na ịnara oxygen site na ngụgụ ma kesaa ya na anụ ahụ na-ewere carbon dioxide site na anụ ahụ ma bufee ya na ngụgụ:
• N'ime ngụgụ, ọbara na-eme ka ikuku oxygen na-ewepụ ma wepụ carbon dioxide (ekesa pulmonary).
• A na-ebufe ọbara ikuku oxygen na akụkụ ahụ niile (nnukwu mgbasa).
Akụkọ ndị ọzọ nwere ike ịmasị gị
"Sayensị agaghị edozi ihe omimi kachasị nke okike. Nke a bụ n'ihi na, ka emechara, anyị bụ akụkụ nke ihe omimi anyị na-agbalị idozi."
Max Planck
