Kiyasta lokacin karantawa: 6 minti daya
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BruceBlaus. Lokacin amfani da wannan hoton a cikin kafofin waje ana iya ambatonsa kamar haka: ma'aikatan Blausen.com (2014). "Hotunan Likitanci na Blausen Medical 2014". WikiJournal of Medicine 1 (2). DOI:10.15347/wjm/2014.010. ISSN 2002-4436., CC BY 3.0 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0, ta hanyar Wikimedia Commons
Menene Lalacewar Ƙwararrun Ƙwararru (ASD)?
Lalacewar septal (ASD)Toshewa a cikin septum na atrial tsakanin dama da hagu atria na zuciya rami ko haɗi mara kyauWannan buɗewa yana ba da damar jini ya gudana cikin yardar kaina tsakanin atria biyu. A al'ada, jini daga atrium na hagu ya kamata ya gudana ta hanyar bawul ɗin mitral zuwa cikin ventricle na hagu. Duk da haka, lokacin da lahani na septal ya faru, "shunt" daga atrium na hagu zuwa dama yana faruwa, wanda ya cika zuciyar dama.
Duk da cewa rashin lahani na tsattsauran ra'ayi yana da wuya a cikin karnuka da kuliyoyi, yana iya zuwa ba a san shi ba a lokuta da yawa. Wannan yana da wuya a gano cutar, musamman tun da ƙananan ramukan ba sa fitar da sauti na musamman kamar gunaguni. Yawancin ASDs echocardiography gano ba zato ba tsammani a lokacin nazarin.
Nau'in ASD
Ana rarraba ASDs bisa ga wuri da asalin ramukan:
• Lalacewar Ostium Primum (ASD-OS1): Wannan lahani yana samuwa a cikin ƙananan ɓangaren ƙananan ƙwayar cuta kuma yawanci ana gani tare da haɗin gwiwar mitral ko tricuspid valve.
• Lalacewar Ostium Secudum (ASD-OS2)Wannan shine mafi yawan nau'in ASD kuma yana faruwa a cikin fossa ovalis, tsarin da ya kasance a buɗe yayin rayuwar tayin amma yakamata ya rufe bayan haihuwa.
• Lalacewar Sinus VenosusWannan nau'in lahani yana samuwa a mahaɗin vena cava da atrium kuma yawanci ana danganta shi da haɗuwa mara kyau na tasoshin huhu (jijiya na huhu).
Alamomi da Binciken Clinical
Mafi ƙananan ASD baya nuna alamun cututtuka kuma waɗannan dabbobi yawanci yana lafiya gaba dayaDuk da haka, idan ramin yana da girma kuma matsa lamba akan zuciyar dama yana ƙaruwa, alamun cututtuka na iya faruwa:
• Rauni da sauƙi gajiya
• Rashin haƙuri (musamman a matsakaici zuwa matsakaici ASDs)
• Rashin numfashi ve saurin numfashi (a lokuta masu tsanani)
• Murmusa a yankin kirji (ana iya ji tare da auscultation a hankali)
• Girman zuciyaAna iya gano wannan ta x-ray ko echocardiography.
Alamar gargajiya ta ASD a cikin mutane ita ce Rarraba akai-akai na S2 (The unchanged splitting of the second heart sound with breathing.) Wannan alamar ta fi wahalar gano karnuka da kuliyoyi saboda yawan zuciyar su ya fi girma.
Hanyoyin Bincike
Don tantance ASD, likitocin dabbobi suna amfani da hanyoyi masu zuwa:
1. Jarabawar Jiki
• Likitan dabbobi yana sauraron zuciya tare da stethoscope gunaguni iya jin muryar ku.
• Gungun ASD yawanci a cikin yankin bawul na huhu sauti mai laushi systolic gunaguniyi.
2. Electrocardiography (ECG)
• Axis QRS yana matsawa zuwa dama, saboda ventricle na dama yana kara girma kuma axis na lantarki yana motsawa.
• Fadi da tsayi P taguwar ruwa na iya nuna girman girman atrium na dama.
• Tushen reshe ve atrial fibrillation Abubuwan da ke haifar da rudani irin su ana iya lura da su a cikin marasa lafiya tare da ASD.
3. X-ray (Radiography)
• Girman zuciya (cardiomegaly) m.
• Hatsarin dama na dama, zuciya "kan x-ray"baya D"zai iya sa shi ya dauki form.
• Girman jijiya na huhu ve hauhawar jini na huhu abin lura.
4. Echocardiography (Heart Ultrasound)
• Ostium secudum lahani mafi kyawun hanyar ganowa, echocardiographyd.
• Launi Doppler Tare da taimakon hoton Doppler launi, ana iya ganin jini yayin da yake wucewa tsakanin atria dama da hagu. Yawanci ana ganin wannan kwararar a cikin hotunan Doppler masu launi. jet mai launi ana sa ido kamar yadda.
• 2D da 3D EchocardiographyYana ba da cikakken ra'ayi na tsarin zuciya daga kusurwoyi daban-daban. Wannan wajibi ne don tantance girman da gefen lahani.
Hanyoyin Magani
Maganin ASD ya bambanta dangane da girman rami, girman shunt, da lafiyar dabba gaba ɗaya.
1. Magani
• Ƙananan ASDs yawanci baya bukatar magani.
• diureticsIdan gazawar zuciya ta dama ta tasowa, ana amfani da ita don cire ruwa mai yawa daga jiki.
• Inotropic kwayoyi: Ana amfani da shi don ƙara ƙarfin zuciya.
• Vasodilator: Yana taimakawa rage aikin zuciya.
2. Rufewar Tiya da Fita
• Amplatzer Septal OccluderAna amfani da wannan na'urar a cikin ɗan adam don rufewar ASD ta jiki (jiki). Ana shigar da na'urar ta hanyar jijiyar femoral ko jugular kuma a zauna a kan huda, yana dakatar da kwararar jini.
• Gyaran TiyataIdan rami ya yi girma da yawa kuma ba za a iya rufe shi da na'urar da ba za a iya rufe shi ba, tiyata faci Yawancin lokaci ana rufe wannan tsari ta amfani da a na'urar kewayen zuciya-huhu (CPB) ana amfani dashi.
Tarihin Halitta da Abubuwan Haɓaka
• Ƙananan ASDsYawancin ƙananan ASDs ana jurewa ba tare da wani sa baki ba kuma dabbobi suna da tsawon rayuwa na yau da kullun.
• Matsakaici ko Manyan ASDsGirman ɗakunan zuciya, daɗaɗɗen ventricle na dama, da raunin zuciya na gefen dama na iya tasowa. Idan ba a kula da shi ba, wannan yanayin zai iya rage tsawon rayuwar dabbar.
Lalacewar septalAtrial fibrillation wani mummunan buɗewa ne tsakanin dama da hagu na zuciya wanda ke ba da damar jini ya gudana a baya da gaba tsakanin atria biyu. Ƙananan ASDs galibi suna asymptomatic, amma manyan ASDs na iya wuce gona da iri a gefen dama na zuciya.
• Echocardiographyshine mafi mahimmancin kayan aiki don bincikar ASD. Musamman launi Dopplerana amfani dashi don nuna shunt.
• Ƙananan ASDs yawanci basa buƙatar sa baki, amma don manyan ASDs, tiyata ko Na'urar Amplatzer tare da na'urori na musamman kamar percutaneous ƙulli Yana iya zama dole.
• Manyan ASDs marasa magani, dama zuciya gazawar, rashin haƙuri na motsa jiki ve cunkoson huhu na iya jagoranta.
Saboda haka, musamman Labrador Mai Ritaya da sauran nau'o'in nau'ikan da aka ƙaddara farkon ganewar asali da kulawa na yau da kullun Yana da matukar muhimmanci. Dangane da tsananin ASD da girman shunt, likitan ku zai tantance zaɓuɓɓukan magani. Yana da mahimmanci a tuna cewa ASDs da aka gano da wuri yawanci yawanci ana iya sarrafa su cikin nasara da dabbobi rayuwar al'ada iya samu.
Wasu Labarun Kuna iya Sha'awarsu
"'Yancin mutum yana ƙare inda 'yancin wani ya fara."
John Stuart Mill
