Kiyasta lokacin karantawa: 6 minti daya
Table of Contents
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Abubuwan da ke ƙayyade da kuma tasiri ƙarfin bugun jini na zuciya suna taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen fahimtar aikin zuciya a cikin karnuka da kuliyoyi. A cikin ilimin zuciya na dabbobi, waɗannan abubuwan suna taka muhimmiyar rawa a cikin duka ganewar asali da tsarin kulawa.
Fitar Zuciya (CO)
Yana da adadin jinin da zuciya ke fitarwa a cikin minti daya, yana biyan iskar oxygen da abubuwan gina jiki na jiki. Ma'auni ne na adadin jinin da aka ninka ta bugun zuciya.
• SV (Ƙarar bugun jini): Yana da ƙarar jinin da ake fitarwa daga ventricles yayin kowace bugun zuciya.
• HR (Kiwon Zuciya): Yawan zuciya ya bambanta dangane da nau'in, jinsi da shekaru.
Fitowar zuciya ya fi dacewa da bambance-bambance tsakanin manya da ƙanana karnuka, ko kuma bambancin buƙatun rayuwa a cikin kuliyoyi. Fitar da zuciya yana da mahimmanci don iskar oxygenation ga kwayoyin halitta da kuma kula da aiki.
Preload
Preloading shine tashin hankali wanda aka yiwa ventricles a ƙarshen cikawa (ƙarshen-diastole). Wannan ya dogara da adadin jinin da aka cika a cikin ventricles (ƙarshen-diastolic girma) da kuma shimfiɗar ganuwar ventricular.
• Ƙarshen-Diastolic Volume (EDV): Yana wakiltar jimlar adadin jinin da ke yawo a cikin ventricles a ƙarshen diastole. EDV shine mafi mahimmancin ƙayyadaddun ƙaddamarwa na ƙaddamarwa kuma yana rinjayar matakin ƙaddamarwa na ventricular.
• Frank-Starling Mechanism: Lokacin da EDV ya karu, filaye na ventricular suna shimfiɗawa kuma ƙarfin haɓaka yana ƙaruwa, don haka ƙara ƙarar bugun jini (SV).
Abubuwan Da Ke Tasiri:
1. Komawar Jiki: Adadin jinin da ke dawowa cikin zuciya yana shafar preload kai tsaye. Ƙara yawan dawowar venous yana ƙara EDV kuma, sabili da haka, preload.
2. Ingantaccen Ingantaccen Ingantacce (Daraja): Ƙarfin ventricles don faɗaɗa yana taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen ƙayyade EDV. A cikin kuliyoyi masu hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, ƙayyadaddun ƙanƙara na ventricular yana iyakance preload.
3. Lokacin Cikowa: Lokacin da bugun zuciya ya karu (tachycardia), lokacin cika ventricular yana raguwa kuma preload na iya raguwa.
Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) A cikin kuliyoyi masu cutar, rashin jin daɗi yana raguwa saboda taurin ventricles, yana haifar da ƙananan EDV da rashin isasshen preload.
Rashin ciwon zuciya A cikin karnuka masu hawan jini, ƙara yawan hawan jini na iya rage ƙarfin kwangilar zuciya ta hanyar ƙirƙirar kaya mai yawa.
Bayan saukarwa
Bayan kaya shine juriya da ventricles ke fuskanta yayin da suke zubar da jini cikin manyan tasoshin. Musamman, yana nufin matsin lamba dole ne ventricle ya haɓaka yayin systole don fitar da jini zuwa cikin aorta ko jijiyar huhu.
• Matsi na Ƙarshen-Diastolic (ESP): Yana da alaƙa kai tsaye da afterload. Dole ne a shawo kan wannan matsa lamba a cikin ventricles don fitar da jini a cikin arteries.
Abubuwan Da Ke Tasiri:
1. Hawan Jijiya: Idan matsa lamba na jijiya a cikin tsarin tsarin ya karu (misali, hauhawar jini), nauyin da aka samu ta hanyar ventricle shima yana ƙaruwa.
2. Juriya na jijiyoyin jini: Rashin elasticity ko kunkuntar tasoshin jini yana ƙaruwa bayan lodi akan ventricles.
3. Girman Jini da Dankowa: Lokacin da ƙarar jini ya ƙaru ko jini ya zama ɗan ƙoƙon ƙoƙon ƙoƙon ƙoƙon ƙoƙon, bayan da aka ɗauka yana ƙaruwa.
Hawan jini na huhu A cikin karnuka, nauyin ventricle na dama yana ƙaruwa, wanda zai iya haifar da gazawar zuciya daidai.
Hawan jini na tsari A cikin kuliyoyi, ana ƙara yawan lodin ventricular na hagu, wanda zai iya haifar da hauhawar jini na myocardial.
Ma'amala na Preload da Afterload
• Frank-Starling Mechanism: Lokacin da aka ƙara ƙarawa, ventricles suna cika da yawa kuma suna yin kwangila da ƙarfi. Duk da haka, lokacin da bayan kaya ya yi yawa, ana tilasta ventricles suyi aiki tare da matsa lamba mafi girma, wanda zai haifar da gazawar zuciya a cikin dogon lokaci.
Yanayi na asibiti:
1. Karancin Preload: A cikin yanayi kamar asarar jini ko bushewa, dawowar venous yana raguwa, wanda ke rage EDV kuma saboda haka fitarwar zuciya.
2. High Afterload: A cikin jihohin hawan jini, ventricular afterload yana ƙaruwa, wanda zai iya haifar da hauhawar jini na ventricular ko gazawar a cikin dogon lokaci.
Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM): A cikin kuliyoyi, raguwar rashin ƙarfi na ventricular yana iyakance cikawar huhu ta rage EDV da preload.
Dilated Cardiomyopathy (DCM): A cikin karnuka, rashin ƙarfi na ventricular yana raunana saboda raguwar raguwa, yana sa ya zama da wuya a jimre wa bayan kaya.
Hawan Jini: Dama ventricular afterload yana ƙaruwa, wanda ke ƙara yawan aikin zuciya mai kyau kuma zai iya haifar da gazawar zuciya daidai akan lokaci.
Preload ve bayan kaya, abubuwa ne masu mahimmanci guda biyu waɗanda ke ƙayyade ƙarfin bugun jini na zuciya. Abubuwa irin su ƙarar diastolic (EDV) da matsa lamba na ƙarshe (ESP) kai tsaye suna rinjayar aikin su. A cikin ilimin zuciya na dabbobi, kimantawa da kyau na waɗannan abubuwan yana da mahimmanci don ingantaccen ganewar asali da tsara magani. Ingantacciyar aikin zuciya ya dogara da kiyaye ma'auni tsakanin ƙaddamar da kaya da bayan kaya.
Kwangila (Ƙarfin Ƙarfin Ƙarfin Ƙarfin Zuciya)
Ƙarfin tsokar zuciya ce ta hargitse. Sunadaran sunadaran da ke cikin sel myocardial suna samar da wannan aikin.
Abubuwan Da Ke Tasiri:
• Matakan ion: Calcium, musamman, yana ƙara ƙarfin haɗin gwiwa.
• Hormones: Catecholamines (adrenaline da noradrenaline) suna haɓaka kwangila.
• Yanayin tsokar zuciya: An rage raguwa a cikin yanayi kamar dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM).
A cikin karnuka dilated cardiomyopathy Zai iya haifar da raguwar raguwa, ƙarancin fitarwar zuciya da gazawar jini.
Mitar (Matsalar Zuciya)
Shi ne adadin lokutan da zuciya ke bugawa a cikin minti daya kuma ta bambanta bisa ga nau'in nau'i, shekaru, jinsi da yanayin jiki.
Mitar ta bambanta a kan babban kewayon karnuka, ya bambanta tsakanin manya da kanana iri. Gabaɗaya yana da sauri a cikin kuliyoyi. Tachycardia (fast beat) ko bradycardia (jinkirin bugun) na iya nuna matsalolin zuciya mai tsanani.
Ragewa (Lasticity Ventricular)
Ƙarfin ventricles don fadadawa yayin cikawa.
Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy (HCM): A cikin kuliyoyi, ƙwanƙwasawa na ventricular yana rage rashin ƙarfi kuma yana hana cikawar ventricular. Rashin rashin ƙarfi na iya haifar da ƙara yawan matsa lamba na atrial da rikitarwa irin su edema na huhu.
Haɗin kai
Yana da jituwa mai jituwa na ɗakunan zuciya da zaren tsoka don zubar da jini.
Arrhythmias: A cikin arrhythmias, wannan haɗin gwiwa na iya rushewa kuma fitarwar zuciya yana raguwa.
musamman dilated cardiomyopathy, tsokar ventricular fita daga aiki tare na iya haifar da matsalolin jini mai tsanani.
Fitarwa na zuciya, daɗaɗɗen kaya, bayan kaya, ƙanƙancewa, mita, rashin ƙarfi, da haɗin kai na haɗin gwiwa suna haɗuwa don zuciya ta yi aiki yadda ya kamata. Rashin daidaituwa tsakanin waɗannan abubuwa na iya haifar da mummunar matsalolin zuciya da jijiyoyin jini a cikin kuliyoyi da karnuka. A cikin ilimin zuciya na dabbobi, kimantawa da kyau na waɗannan abubuwan yana da mahimmanci don ingantaccen ganewar asali da ingantaccen magani.
Wasu Labarun Kuna iya Sha'awarsu
"Tsarin tunani ya fi ilimi mahimmanci, domin ilimi yana da iyaka."
Albert Einstein
