Kiyasta lokacin karantawa: 4 minti daya
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Tsarin zuciya da jijiyoyin jini, kalp, hanyoyin jini ve daga jini Tsarin ne wanda ke aiki don kula da ayyuka masu mahimmanci a cikin jiki. Ga manyan ayyukan wannan tsarin daki-daki:
Ayyukan Sufuri
Babban aikin tsarin zuciya shine yin ayyukan sufuri a cikin jiki:
• Jirgin Oxygen: Ana fitar da jini mai iskar oxygen a cikin huhu zuwa cikin tsarin kewayawa ta zuciya kuma a kai shi ga kyallen takarda.
• Fitar Carbon Dioxide: Carbon dioxide, wanda aka samo shi a sakamakon metabolism a cikin kyallen takarda, ana jigilar shi zuwa zuciya ta jijiyoyi kuma daga can zuwa huhu kuma a kawar da shi daga jiki.
• Sufuri na Abinci: Abubuwan gina jiki irin su glucose, amino acid da fatty acid da tsarin narkewar abinci ke sha ana jigilar su zuwa kyallen takarda ta jini.
• Rarraba Hormones: Hormones da aka fitar daga glanden endocrin ana isar da su ga gabobin da aka yi niyya ta hanyar jini.
Cire Sharar Jiki
Abubuwan sharar gida masu cutarwa ko waɗanda ba dole ba waɗanda aka kirkira yayin metabolism ana jigilar su zuwa gabobin da ke fitarwa ta hanyar tsarin zuciya:
• Zuwa ga koda: Sharar gida irin su urea da creatinine ana jigilar su zuwa koda kuma ana fitar da su ta fitsari.
• Zuwa hanta: Ana jigilar abubuwa masu guba da wasu samfuran rayuwa zuwa hanta, inda aka lalata su kuma an cire su daga jiki.
Tsarin Zazzabi
Tsarin zuciya na zuciya yana taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen kiyaye zafin jiki akai-akai:
• Jini yana ba da ma'aunin zafin jiki ta hanyar ɗaukar zafi daga wurare masu zafi na jiki (misali tsokoki) zuwa wuraren sanyi.
• Tasoshin da ke ƙarƙashin fata suna daidaita asarar zafi ta hanyar faɗaɗa (vasodilation) ko kunkuntar (vasoconstriction).
Tsaron Jiki
Jini shine muhimmin sashi na tsarin rigakafi, kuma tsarin zuciya na zuciya yana taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen aikin kariya:
• Farin Kwayoyin Jini (Leukocytes): Yana hana kamuwa da cuta ta hanyar yaƙi da ƙwayoyin cuta.
• Kayan aikin coagulation: Platelets da abubuwan da ke damun jini suna dakatar da asarar jini idan akwai lalacewar jijiyoyin jini.
• Transport Antibody: Kwayoyin rigakafin da lymphocytes ke samarwa suna kare jiki daga cututtuka.
Ka'idar Hawan Jini
Tsarin zuciya na zuciya yana tabbatar da aikin lafiya na gabobin jiki ta hanyar kiyaye karfin jini:
• Sarrafa Hawan Jini: Ma'auni tsakanin fitarwar zuciya da juriya na jijiyoyin jini yana daidaita hawan jini.
• Koda da tsarin hormonal (misali, tsarin renin-angiotensin-aldosterone) suna aiki tare da tsarin zuciya da jijiyoyin jini don sarrafa karfin jini.
• Kula da Matsi na Al'ada a cikin Jijiyoyin Jiji (Tsarin Matsi na Jiji): Tsarin zuciya da jijiyoyin jini yana kula da matsa lamba na hydrostatic (matsayin jini) a cikin arteries, yana tabbatar da cewa jini ya isa kyallen takarda a adadi mai yawa kuma a daidai gudun.
-Ƙarfin Zuciya: Zuciya tana harba jini tare da matsa lamba a cikin arteries kuma ana kiyaye bugun jini akai-akai.
-Ka'idojin Gudun Jini: Tsarin na roba na arteries da juriya akan arterioles suna taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen daidaita matsa lamba na tsarin.
• Ci gaba da Matsi a cikin Capillaries da Veins: Daidaita matsin lamba na hydrostatic a cikin capillaries da veins yana tabbatar da dawowar jini daga kyallen takarda.
-Matsi na Hydrostatic Capillary: Matsalolin hydrostatic a cikin capillaries ana kiyaye daidaito ta yadda kyallen takarda zasu iya musayar iskar oxygen, abubuwan gina jiki da sharar gida.
-Komawar Jiki: Ta hanyar kiyaye ƙananan matsa lamba a cikin jijiyoyi, jini yana komawa zuwa zuciya.
• Gudun Jini na Al'ada a cikin Tissues: Ci gaba da wannan ma'auni na matsin lamba yana ba da damar gabobin jiki da kyallen takarda don kiyaye kwararar jini na yau da kullun don haka ayyuka masu lafiya.
Kula da Ma'aunin pH
Tsarin zuciya na zuciya yana tabbatar da cewa kyallen takarda sun kasance cikin kewayon pH masu dacewa:
• Tsarukan Buffer: Jini yana kula da ma'auni na tushen acid ta hanyoyi kamar tsarin buffer carbonic acid-bicarbonate.
• CO₂ sufuri: Yana ba da gudummawa ga tsarin buffer lokacin jigilar carbon dioxide kuma yana daidaita matakan pH na kyallen takarda.
Transport na Hormones da Enzymes
Tsarin zuciya da jijiyoyin jini yana jigilar hormones da enzymes daban-daban waɗanda aka saki daga glandar endocrine:
• Misali: insulin, yana daidaita glucose metabolism. Adrenalin, amsa damuwa.
Kula da Ma'auni na Electrolyte
Zagayen jini yana tabbatar da daidaitaccen rarraba electrolytes (sodium, potassium, calcium, da dai sauransu) a cikin jiki:
• Electrolytes da ake buƙata don aikin da ya dace na tsoka da ƙwayoyin jijiya ana ɗaukar su ta cikin jini.
Farfadowar Nama da Waraka
Tsarin zuciya da jijiyoyin jini yana tallafawa tsarin warkarwa idan akwai lalacewar nama:
• Yana haɓaka farfadowar tantanin halitta ta hanyar ɗaukar jini, oxygen, abubuwan gina jiki da abubuwan haɓaka zuwa wuraren da suka lalace.
Carbon Dioxide da Oxygen Transport Cycle
Tsarin zuciya da jijiyoyin jini yana sarrafa musayar iskar gas ta hanyar ɗaukar iskar oxygen daga huhu da rarraba shi zuwa kyallen takarda da ɗaukar carbon dioxide daga kyallen da jigilar shi zuwa huhu:
• A cikin huhu, jini yana da iskar oxygen kuma ana cire carbon dioxide (zagayen huhu).
• Ana jigilar jini mai iskar oxygen zuwa dukkan sassan jiki (yawan zagayawa).
Wasu Labarun Kuna iya Sha'awarsu
"Kimiyya ba zai warware ainihin sirrin yanayi ba. Wannan saboda, bayan haka, muna cikin sirrin da muke ƙoƙarin warwarewa."
Max Planck
