Tetralogy na Falot (TOF)

Kiyasta lokacin karantawa: 9 minti daya

LadyofHats, Yankin Jama'a, ta hanyar Wikimedia Commons

Menene Tetralogy na Falot?

Tetralogy na Falot (ToF), wanda ya haɗa da matsaloli daban-daban na tsarin zuciya guda huɗu da ake gani a karnuka, kuliyoyi da mutane Ciwon zuciya ne na haihuwa (daga haihuwa).Wannan cuta wani yanayi ne mai rikitarwa wanda ke kawo cikas ga kwararar jini zuwa zuciya. "Tetralogy" Kalmar tana nufin “hudu” a Hellenanci, kuma an ba wa cutar wannan sunan domin tana da manyan abubuwa guda huɗu.

Manyan Abubuwa 4 na Tetralogy na Falot

1. Matsakaicin Fitarwa na Dama na Dama (Pulmonary Stenosis, PS): kunkuntar hanya ce ke aika jini daga ventricle na dama (ƙananan ɗakin zuciya na dama) zuwa huhu.

2. Lalacewar Septal ventricular (VSD): Akwai budi ko rami a bango (septum) wanda ke raba ventricles na dama da hagu na zuciya.

3. Matsanancin Matsala na Aorta (Aortic Dextroposition): Aorta yana cikin matsayi daban-daban fiye da na al'ada kuma yana karɓar jini daga ventricle na dama.

4. Hawan jini na Dama na Dama (Kauri)A thickening na bango na ƙananan dama dakin zuciya. Wannan yana faruwa lokacin da ventricle na dama ya yi aiki tuƙuru don zubar da jini a kan kunkuntar fili mai fita.

Waɗannan cututtuka guda huɗu suna aiki tare zuwa rashin iya zubar da jini yadda ya kamata wanda hakan ke sanyawa jiki wahala wajen samun isashshen iskar oxygen. Tetralogy of Fallot yana daya daga cikin cututtukan zuciya da ke haifar da cyanosis.

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Menene dalilan Tetralogy na Fallot?

Tetralogy of Fallot yana faruwa ne a lokacin ci gaban amfrayo na zuciya rashin daidaituwa na septum yana raba ɗakunan zuciya yana faruwa lokacin da ɗakunan zuciya ba su rabu da kyau ba. jini ya lalace sannan wasu sassa na zuciya su yi aiki tukuru.

Duk da cewa ba a san ainihin musabbabin wannan cuta ba., ana tsammanin waɗannan abubuwan suna da tasiri:

• Halin dabi'a: Musamman Keyshond Ana tunanin wannan cuta ta gado ce a cikin karnuka irinsu.

• Dalilan MuhalliBayyana abubuwa masu guba ko amfani da wasu magunguna yayin daukar ciki na iya haifar da rashin lafiya a cikin ci gaban amfrayo.

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Alamomi da Binciken Clinical

Alamomin Tetralogy na Fallot sun bambanta dangane da tsananin cutar da yadda ƙuntataccen jini daga ventricle na dama zuwa huhu yake.

Alamun

• bruising (cyanosis): Saboda raguwar matakan iskar oxygen launin shuɗi/purple na harshe, gumi, da fata m.

• Rashin HakuriLokacin wasa ko bayan motsa jiki gajiya cikin sauki ve gazawar numfashi abin lura.

• Suma ( Syncope): Saboda rashin isashshen iskar oxygen hare-haren suma yana iya zama.

• Hypoxia Attacks (Cyanosis Crises)A wasu dabbobi, cyanosis mai tsanani da damuwa na numfashi na iya faruwa a lokacin motsa jiki ko lokacin da ke cikin damuwa.

• Ci gaban Ci Gaba: Saboda matsalolin wurare dabam dabam a cikin zuciya, ƙananan dabbobi girma na iya jinkirta.

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Yaya Ake Gane Ta?

Binciken Tetralogy na Fallot yawanci alamun asibiti, binciken binciken jiki ve gwaje-gwajen hoto an sanya shi da.

1. Jarabawar Jiki

• Gudun zuciyaLokacin da likitan dabbobi ya saurari zuciya tare da stethoscope, yakan saba wani kara mai karfi a gefen dama na zuciya iya ji.

• Harshe blue/purple da gumiCyanosis alama ce ta rashin isashshen iskar oxygen.

2. Electrocardiography (ECG)

A kan electrocardiogram (ECG), hypertrophy na ventricular dama (RV hypertrophy) mai jituwa da binciken da ba takamaiman ba Ana ganin waɗannan binciken. mai tsanani na huhu stenosis (PS) suna kama da waɗanda aka gani a cikin lamuran.

• Karɓa daga ma'aunin wutar lantarki (karkacewa) ana lura da shi.

• A cikin gubar V1, igiyar R ta fi girma S kalaman (R> S).

• Raƙuman ruwa mai zurfi S a cikin jagorar prechorioid na hagu (V4, V5, V6) an rubuta.

3. X-ray (Radiography)

Mafi ban mamaki gano akan X-rays na kirji hypoperfusion na huhu (rage yawan jini a cikin huhu).

• A cikin marasa lafiya tare da bruising (cyanosis), hypoperfusion, don ramawa da rage iskar oxygen jikewa na huhu hyperinflation (yawan hauhawar farashin huhu) ya kara bayyana tare da .

• Silhouette na zuciya yawanci baya girma sosai.

• A cikin tsinkaya ta gefe da ventrodorsal (VD)., rushewa (concavity) a cikin yankin jijiyoyin huhu Wannan yanayin abin lura ne. hypoplasia na huhu artery (saboda rashin ingantaccen ci gaba).

4. Echocardiography (Heart Ultrasound)

Wannan shine ganewar asali na Tetralogy of Fallot. shine mafi mahimmancin gwajiTare da echocardiography rashin daidaituwa a cikin kwararar jini, girman ɗakin ɗakin zuciya, da bawuloli ana iya kallo kai tsaye.

1. Damage Hatsarin Fitar da Wuta na Dama (Harkokin RVOT)

• Canje-canje na Halitta: Ita ce kunkuntar hanya daga ventricle na dama zuwa jijiyoyi na huhu. Wannan kunkuntar ko dai na huhu bawul stenosis (stenosis) ko subliminal stenosis (subvalvular stenosis).

• 2D HotoAn ƙayyade wuri da tsananin ƙunci a cikin gajeriyar axis da ra'ayi mai tsayi na parasternum.

• Binciken Doppler:

• Doppler kalaman ci gaba Ana auna saurin jinin da ke wucewa ta jijiyar huhu da shi Idan ya wuce 3 m/s, stenosis yana da tsanani..

• Launi Doppler Ana iya ganin saurin kwararar jini a matsayin jet mai launi mai haske.

2. Lalacewar Satar Jiki (VSD)

• Canje-canje na Halitta: A cikin septum mai raba ventricles na dama da hagu na zuciya, babban lahani mara kyau (bayani) akwai.

• 2D Hoto:

• Parasternum a cikin hangen nesa mai tsayi, Girman VSD yana nunawa a fili.

• Ana ɗaukar kallon sama na VSD a cikin guntun guntun parasternum da hangen nesa mai ɗaki huɗu kuma ana auna diamita na VSD.

• Binciken Doppler:

• Launi Doppler Tare da wannan hanyar, ana iya ganin raɗaɗin jini daga ventricle na hagu zuwa ventricle na dama (shunt hagu-dama) ko, a lokuta da yawa, daga dama zuwa hagu (shunt-hagu) na iya gani.

• Gudun gudu da jagorar shunt muhimmiyar alama ce ta tsananin cutar a cikin Tetralogy na Falot.

3. Matsanancin Matsala na Aorta (Dextroposition)

• Canje-canje na Halitta: Matsar da aorta sama da septum yana sa ta sami jini daga ventricles na dama da hagu.

• 2D Hoto:

• A cikin parasternum tsayin axis da apical chamber huxu, an lura cewa aorta yana karɓar jini daga ventricles biyu.

• Yayin da aorta ya kamata ya kasance yana karɓar jini daga ventricle na hagu kawai, a cikin Tetralogy na Fallot kuma yana karɓar jini daga ventricle na dama.

4. Hawan jini na Dama

• Canje-canje na HalittaGanuwar ventricle na dama sun yi kauri. Wannan yana nuna cewa ventricle na dama dole ne yayi aiki tukuru don aika jini zuwa huhu.

• 2D Hoto:

• Parasternum a cikin gajeren hangen nesa Ana ganin kaurin bangon ventricular dama a fili.

• Ta hanyar auna kaurin bangon ventricular dama. an ƙaddara matakin hypertrophy.

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Launi Doppler da Ci gaba da Neman Doppler Wave

Launi Doppler

• VSD da Dama-zuwa-hagu Shunt: Yana ƙayyade ko jini yana gudana daga ventricle na dama zuwa ventricle na hagu ko akasin haka.

• Gudun Fitowar Hanta Dama DamaAna ganin jet mai launi a cikin kunkuntar wuri inda jini ke sauri.

Doppler Wave mai ci gaba

• Digiri na huhu Stenosis (PS).: Auna saurin jinin da ke wucewa ta jijiyar huhu, yana ƙayyade tsananin stenosis.

• Yawan Gudun Jini daga VSDGudun jinin da ke wucewa ta cikin VSD ya bambanta dangane da bambancin matsa lamba.

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Binciken Echocardiography don Tsare-tsaren Tiyata

• Fadin Jijiyoyin Huhu: Kafin tiyata, ya kamata a kimanta girman arteries na huhu.

• Girman VSDGirma da wuri na VSD suna rinjayar dabarun tiyata da ake amfani da su a tiyata.

• Tsarin Bawul na huhu: Valve rashin daidaituwa an ƙaddara.

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Abubuwan da za a yi la'akari da su tare da Echocardiography

• Ƙarya Neman BincikeWasu lokuta ana iya gano ƙwayar tsoka mai kauri na ganuwar zuciya a matsayin "lalacewar" karya. Sabili da haka, zane-zane na kusurwa da yawa yana da mahimmanci.

• Yanayin Atresia na huhuA cikin atresia na huhu, ba za a iya ganin kwararar jini a cikin jijiya na huhu ba saboda babu jini a wannan yanki. Ana kiran wannan yanayin Tetralogy of Fallot. Truncus ArteriosusWani muhimmin bincike ne wanda ya bambanta shi daga .

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Hanyoyin Magani

Jiyya don Tetralogy na Fallot ya bambanta dangane da tsananin yanayin da alamomi.

1. Magani

• Magungunan Beta Blocker : Yana rage saurin bugun zuciya kuma yana daidaita matsa lamba a cikin ventricle.

• Oxygen SupportAna amfani da maganin oxygen a cikin rikice-rikicen hypoxia mai tsanani.

• PhlebotomyIdan akwai yawan samar da kwayar cutar jajayen jini (polycythemia), ana cire wasu daga cikin jinin kuma a yi maye gurbin ruwa.

2. Maganin Tiyata

Cikakken gyara na Tetralogy na Fallot, ƙulli na ventricle septal lahani (VSD) ve dilation na huhu na dama Wannan tsari yana tabbatar da cikakken maganin cutar. shine zaɓin jiyya na farko.

Ko da yake wannan aikin tiyata yana da yuwuwar a ka'ida. da wuya a yi a likitan dabbobi, saboda wannan hanya tana buƙatar kayan aikin tiyata na ci gaba, na'urar huhu na zuciya (na'urar wucewa) da ƙungiyar tiyata ta musamman.

A lokuta da cikakken gyaran tiyata ba zai yiwu ba. hanyoyin kwantar da hankali (na wucin gadi) hanyoyin tiyata Manufar wadannan hanyoyin shine ƙara yawan bugun huhu ve samar da karin jini zuwa huhu don ƙirƙirar haɗin kai tsakanin tsarin kewayawa da kuma kewayawar huhu.

1. Blalock-Thomas-Taussig Shunt (BT Shunt):

• A cikin wannan hanya, subclavian artery (jijiya a karkashin kashin wuya) kai tsaye zuwa jijiya na huhu ko daya daga cikin rassansa yana da alaƙa.

• A yau, wannan tsari shine Goretex® tube Wannan bututun wucin gadi yana aiki azaman gada tsakanin tasoshin don tabbatar da kwararar jini.

2. Anastomosis na Potts:

• A cikin wannan fasaha, saukowa aorta (babbar jijiya mai daukar jini zuwa kasan jiki) kai tsaye zuwa jijiya na huhu na hagu yana da alaƙa.

• Wannan hanya tana nufin samar da ƙarin jini ga huhu ta hanyar samar da jini daga tsarin kewayawa zuwa yanayin huhu.

• Babu wata shaida a cikin likitan dabbobi cewa waɗannan hanyoyin suna ba da ingantaccen bayani na dogon lokaci.

Babban manufar waɗannan hanyoyin kwantar da hankali shine. kawar da bayyanar cututtuka ta hanyar ƙara yawan jini na huhu da inganta rayuwar dabbar.

Duk da haka, irin waɗannan hanyoyin tiyata ba a cika amfani da su ba, musamman a cikin karnuka da kuliyoyi.

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Hasashen da Ingantacciyar Rayuwa

• A lokuta masu laushi Karnuka da kuliyoyi sau da yawa suna iya rayuwa shekaru da yawa.

• A lokuta masu tsananiMatsaloli masu tsanani kamar rauni, suma da gazawar zuciya na iya tasowa.

• Gyaran tiyata Za a iya ƙara tsawon rayuwa da ingancin rayuwar waɗannan dabbobin, amma irin waɗannan hanyoyin tiyata ba koyaushe zai yiwu ba.

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• Tetralogy na Falotcuta ce mai rikitarwa mai rikitarwa.

• Manyan abubuwa guda hudu na cutar suna lalata karfin bugun jini da zuciya bruising, suma, motsa jiki rashin haƙuri yana haifar da alamomi kamar.

• Echocardiographyshine kayan aiki mafi mahimmanci a cikin ganewar asali.

• Yayin da magani zai iya isa a lokuta masu sauƙi, a lokuta masu tsanani aikin tiyata Yana iya zama dole.

Idan kare ko cat rauni, gajiya, ko suma Idan kun lura da wani, yana da mahimmanci ku tuntuɓi likitan ku. Binciken farko da magani mai kyau zai iya inganta rayuwar waɗannan dabbobi.

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Wasu Labarun Kuna iya Sha'awarsu

• Keeshond (Wolfspitz)
• Turanci Bulldog
• Tricuspid Valve Dysplasia
• Hawan Jini
• Huhun Stenosis

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"Babban abin farin ciki a rayuwa shi ne gaskata cewa ana ƙaunarmu."

Victor Hugo

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