Kiyasta lokacin karantawa: 11 minti daya
Table of Contents
- Menene ciwon zuciya?
- Ina ake ganin ciwon zuciya?
- Menene tsarin asibiti na cututtukan zuciya?
- Wadanne alamomi ne kuliyoyi da karnuka masu ciwon zuciya ke nunawa?
- Menene watsawa da kuma yanayin rayuwa na tsutsotsin zuciya?
- Menene alakar Wolbachia da cututtukan zuciya?
- Me yasa ake yin gwajin antigen don gano cututtukan zuciya?
- Me yasa ake yin gwajin microfilariae a cikin ganewar cututtukan cututtukan zuciya?
- Me ya sa ake daukar x-ray a cikin bincike da bin diddigin cututtukan zuciya?
- Menene rawar duban dan tayi na zuciya (echocardiography) a cikin cututtukan zuciya?
- Menene manufar maganin tsutsotsin zuciya?
- Ta yaya za mu iya tabbatar da cewa an kawar da tsutsotsi masu girma a lokacin aikin maganin ciwon zuciya?
- Yaushe muke buƙatar tiyata don magance cututtukan zuciya?
- Kaval Syndrome (Heartworm-Hemoglobinuria)
Alan R Walker, CC BY-SA 3.0 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0, ta hanyar Wikimedia Commons
Menene ciwon zuciya?
Cutar zuciya (aka Dirofilariasis), Misalin Dirofilaria Yana faruwa ne ta hanyar tsutsotsin tsutsotsi (nematode) da ake kira ciwon zuciya An san shi kuma yana cikin dangin fadenamatodes.
Wuri da Rarrabawa
• Ciwon zuciya, duk da sunansa, yawanci a cikin manyan tasoshin jini kusa da huhu rayuwa.
• Saboda haka, sunan “zuciya” yana da ɗan ruɗu.
Kamuwa da cuta
• Kare, kaɗan ne kawai ko daruruwan manya masu ciwon zuciya ana iya kamuwa da ita ta hanyar.
• Wadannan parasites, 15 zuwa 35 cm tsayi iya isa.
Ciwon zuciya cuta ce mai tsanani, har ma da cutar da rayuwa idan ba a gano ta ba kuma a yi maganinta cikin gaggawa. Don haka, dubawa na yau da kullun da matakan rigakafi suna da mahimmanci.
Ina ake ganin ciwon zuciya?
An fi samun cutar bugun zuciya a Turai A kasashen Mediterranean Yana da na kowa. Musamman Tsibirin Canary, Kudancin Faransa, Spain ve Po Plain na Italiya Ya fi kowa a yankuna kamar Spain. Valencia, Murcia ve Endüs Wannan cuta kuma ta zama ruwan dare a yankunan.
AmurkaA cikin shekaru ashirin da suka gabata, ta yadu cikin sauri kuma ta zama babbar annoba.
Ko da yake an san wannan cuta a matsayin matsalar da ta fi shafar karnuka, Cats, 'yar tsana, foxes, jackals ve kyarkeci Hakanan yana iya cutar da sauran nau'ikan dabbobi kamar.
A Turkiyya Cutar tsutsotsin zuciya kuma tana yaduwa a Turkiyya. Duk da haka, har yanzu ba a samu cikakken taswirar taswira da kididdiga na wannan cuta ba a cikin ƙasarmu. Don haka, ana buƙatar ƙarin bincike a kan yaɗuwarta da rarrabawa.
Menene tsarin asibiti na cututtukan zuciya?
Cutar zuciya takan faru a farkon mataki Ba a lura da alamun asibiti ba. Duk da haka, idan bayyanar cututtuka ta faru, yawanci ana lura da abubuwan da ke biyo baya:
Babban Alamomin
• Alamomin Tsarin Numfashi: Tari, saurin numfashi (tachypneakasawar numfashi (dyspnea).
• Gabaɗaya Alamomin: Rauni, rage kiba, yawan suma da ba kasafai ba (syncope), tarin ruwa a cikin ciki (acid), musamman saboda raunin zuciya na gaskiya.
Ci gaban cuta da Pathology
• Rayayyun tsutsotsin zuciya: A cikin arteries na huhu endoarteritis (intravascular kumburi) da artery ganuwar tsoka hypertrophy na iya haifar da irin wannan yanayi.
• Matattu Zuciya: Mafi tsanani alamun asibiti na cutar yawanci suna faruwa saboda matattu ko tsutsotsi masu mutuwa. Matattu tsutsotsi, a cikin arterioles na huhu ko a cikin capillaries na lobes na huhu na baya yana tarawa yana toshe kwararar jini.
Wannan yanayin yana haifar da occlusion na jijiyoyin jini (thrombosis), kumburi da kuma platelet aggregation yana jawo matakai kamar.
Motsa jiki da Hadari
• A cikin karnuka masu aiki, ƙara yawan aikin jiki yana ƙara yawan jini a cikin arteries na huhu. Wannan:
• Rushewar tasoshin da suka toshe.
• Bayan hawaye ya faru fibrosis me zai iya zama.
Sakamako: Hawan Jini da Ragewar Zuciya Dama
• Toshewar yana ƙara matsa lamba a cikin tasoshin huhu (hauhawar jini na huhu).
• Yayin da hawan jini na huhu ke ci gaba dama zuciya gazawar na iya tasowa kuma wannan yanayin na iya zama barazana ga rayuwa.
Yawancin lokaci cutar tana cikin ci gaba ta lokacin bayyanar cututtuka, don haka ganewar asali da magani da wuri suna da mahimmanci don kula da cututtuka.
Wadanne alamomi ne kuliyoyi da karnuka masu ciwon zuciya ke nunawa?
Alamun cututtukan zuciya sun bambanta dangane da tsanani da tsawon lokacin kamuwa da cuta. A lokuta masu laushi Alamun ba za a iya gani ba, musamman a cikin karnuka matasa, amma a ci-gaba lokuta Bayyanar cututtuka daban-daban na iya faruwa.
Alamomin da ake gani a karnuka
1. Cututtuka masu laushi ko Farko:
• Babu Alamomin: Wasu karnuka, musamman ƙananan dabbobi, ƙila ba za su nuna alamun asibiti ba duk da kamuwa da cutar.
2. Cigaban cututtuka:
• Gabaɗaya Alamomin: Rashin ci, asarar nauyi, gajiya, musamman lokacin motsa jiki.
• Alamomin Numfashi: Tari na yau da kullun, ƙarancin numfashi (dyspnea) da saurin numfashi (tachypnea) a cikin cututtuka masu tsanani.
• Alamomin gazawar Zuciya: Tarin ruwa a cikin ciki (acid) yana haifar da kumburin ciki, suma yayin motsa jiki ko bayan motsa jiki (syncope).
• Kaval Syndrome: A cikin cututtuka masu tsanani, tsutsotsin zuciya suna toshe bawuloli tsakanin ventricle na dama da ƙananan vena cava, suna ƙuntata jini.
• Alamomi: Rauni kwatsam, gajiya, fitsari mai launin ruwan kasa, anemia (karancin jinida jaundice (Icterus).
Alamomin da ake gani a Cats
Cutar cututtukan zuciya a cikin kuliyoyi sukan bi hanya daban kuma mafi ban mamaki fiye da karnuka:
• Tari da Wahalar Numfashi: Waɗannan alamu ne na kowa a cikin kuliyoyi.
• Yin amai: Alamar asibiti ce mai mahimmanci a wasu kuliyoyi.
• Mutuwar Kwatsam: A cikin kuliyoyi, mutuwa kwatsam na iya faruwa kafin a gano cutar.
A taƙaice: Alamun
• A cikin karnuka:
• Na numfashi: Tari (mafi yawan bayyanar cututtuka), tachypnea, dyspnea,
• Gabaɗaya: Lethargy, asarar nauyi, ascites, da wuya syncope,
• Mai tsanani: Alamomin ciwon tibial.
• A cikin cats:
• Na numfashi: Tari, dyspnea,
• Wani: Amai, mutuwa kwatsam.
Cutar cututtukan zuciya sau da yawa tana ci gaba ba tare da alamun bayyanar ba, don haka duba lafiyar dabbobi na yau da kullun da matakan rigakafi suna da mahimmanci don gano wuri da sarrafa cutar.
Menene watsawa da kuma yanayin rayuwa na tsutsotsin zuciya?
Misalin Dirofilariakwayar cuta ce mai haifar da ciwon zuciya da sauro Sauro na da matukar muhimmanci ga tsarin rayuwar kwayoyin cuta. matsakaicin masaukin baki ayyuka kamar
samu
1. Matsayin Sauro: Sauro na shan jini daga dabbobi masu kamuwa da cuta L1 tsutsa Larvae na narkewa sau biyu a cikin sauro kuma suna rayuwa kusan L2 tsutsa a cikin makonni 3-3 Wannan tsari ya dogara da yanayin muhalli. Matsakaicin zafin jiki 27 ° C da yawan zafi 80% Tsarin yana haɓaka lokacin (10-14 days).
2. Isar da Kamuwa ga Mai gida: Sauro yana tsotsar jini L3 tsutsa isar da shi zuwa sabon masauki (kamar kare ko cat).
Ci gaban tsutsa
• Ci gaban L3:
Yana zaune a cikin nama na subcutaneous (subcutis) na rundunar kuma Samfurin L1 a cikin makonni 2-4 canzawa.
L4, kusan L30 (siffar da ta riga ta girma) a cikin kwanaki 60-5 ya zama kuma yana ci gaba da haɓakawa a cikin kyallen takarda.
• Shiga cikin Dawafin Jini: Larvae L5 sun kusan XNUMX% balagagge bayan kamuwa da cuta. Bayan kwana 100 wucewa ta tsarin jijiyoyin jini zuwa arteries na huhu ya isa ya zauna anan.
• Haihuwa: A karkashin yanayi masu dacewa, wolf na mata A cikin watanni 5-6 kai ga jima'i balaga. Kerkeci na mata microfilariae (L1) tsutsa na yawo a cikin jini da sauran ruwan jikin mai cutar.
Pathophysiology na Cutar
• Kumburi a cikin Arteries na Pulmonary: Manya tsutsotsi a cikin tasoshin huhu kumburi (eosinophilic pneumonitis) ve thromboembolism haddasawa.
• Rufewar jijiyoyin jini: Ƙuntatawa da toshewa suna faruwa a cikin arteries na huhu. 2/3 toshewa, hauhawar jini na huhu kai zuwa.
• Tasirin Motsa jiki: Ayyukan jiki yana ƙara yawan jini a cikin arteries na huhu, yana kara tsananta lalacewar jijiyoyin jini.
Duration Zagayowar Rayuwa
• tsutsotsin zuciya cikakken tsarin rayuwadon isa ga jima'i balaga akalla watanni 5-6 daukan.
Cututtukan tsutsotsin zuciya na iya haifar da mummunan matsalolin numfashi da na jini, don haka maganin rigakafi na yau da kullun da duban dabbobi suna da mahimmanci don hana kamuwa da cuta.
Menene alakar Wolbachia da cututtukan zuciya?
wolbachia
Misalin Dirofilaria, Rickettsiales gram-negative, wajabta ƙwayoyin cuta na cikin salula daga rukuni wolbachia Yana dauke da kwayoyin cuta na kwayar halittar Dirofilaria. Wannan kwayar cutar tana da mahimmanci don haɓakawa da haifuwa na Dirofilaria. Lokacin da tsutsotsin zuciya suka mutu, ana fitar da kwayoyin cutar Wolbachia, kuma sunadaran sunadaran jikinsu suna haifar da kumburi a cikin koda da bangon jijiya na huhu. Waɗannan ƙwayoyin cuta kuma suna hana maganin rigakafi na mai gida zuwa Dirofilaria.
A asibiti, ƙananan cututtuka sau da yawa ba su da alamun bayyanar. Duk da haka, lokacin da alamun bayyanar cututtuka suka bayyana, yawanci suna da alaƙa da numfashi kuma suna bayyana kamar tari, saurin numfashi (tachypnea), da ƙarancin numfashi (dyspnea). Bugu da ƙari, gajiya, asarar nauyi, da, da wuya, suma (syncope) ko tarin ruwa na ciki (ascites) saboda raunin zuciya na gefen dama na iya faruwa.
Me yasa ake yin gwajin antigen don gano cututtukan zuciya?
Gwaje-gwajen antigen na ciwon zuciya na yanzu na iya gano cututtukan ɓoye tare da aƙalla tsutsar mace guda ɗaya kuma suna da takamaiman takamaiman 100%. Bambance-bambance a cikin hankali yana faruwa, musamman tare da ƙananan ƙwayar tsutsotsi da/ko ƙananan matakan antigen a cikin jini. Antigen ta fito ne daga mahaifa ko ƙwai na tsutsotsin zuciya na mata, don haka gwajin ya dace don gano tsutsotsin zuciyar mata kawai.
Gwajin antigen ya fi kulawa fiye da gano microfilariae saboda an iyakance hankalin gano microfilariae ta matakan rigakafin kowane wata. Sakamakon sakamako na karya sau da yawa yana faruwa saboda kurakuran fasaha. Sakamako mara kyau na iya faruwa a cikin yanayi masu zuwa:
• Cututtuka a cikin matakan da ba su girma ba,
• Akwai 'yan kyarkeci na mata.
• Tsutsotsin mata masu bakara.
• Cututtukan da ke faruwa kawai tare da tsutsotsi na maza.
Bugu da ƙari, a cikin lokuta inda antigens masu yawo suka samar da hadaddun ƙwayoyin cuta tare da ƙwayoyin rigakafi, sakamakon na iya zama mara kyau na ƙarya saboda rashin isasshen antigen kyauta.
Gwajin antigen ya dace don lokuta na yiwuwar kamuwa da cuta a baya, alamun asibiti da ke nuna ciwon zuciya, ko don tabbatar da saurin kamuwa da ciwon zuciya. Wannan gwajin yana aiki ba tare da la'akari da ko microfilariae ke yawo ba.
Gwajin yana da lahani cewa kawai zai iya gano antigens masu yawo yayin da suke haifar da tsutsotsi na mata suna cikin jiki. Sabili da haka, gwajin yana haifar da sakamako mai kyau kawai watanni 6-7 bayan kamuwa da cuta.
Ya kamata a maimaita gwajin antigen bayan magani don kashe tsutsotsi na manya. Sakamakon ya kamata ya zama mummunan watanni 6 bayan jiyya.
Me yasa ake yin gwajin microfilariae a cikin ganewar cututtukan cututtukan zuciya?
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A cikin jini microfilariaana iya gano shi ta hanyar gwajin jini na microscopic. Hanyar da aka fi so don wannan dalili ita ce gwajin Knott da aka gyarad.
Yadda Ake Yin Gwajin Knott da Aka Gyara?
1. Cakudar Jini da Formalin: Ana hada 1 ml na jini da 9 ml na 2% maganin formalin a cikin bututu.
2. Centrifugal: Ana juya cakuda a cikin na'urar centrifuge.
3. Jarabawar Ƙwararren Ƙwararren Ƙwararren Ƙwararru An yi nazarin shirye-shiryen da aka yi a ƙarƙashin na'urar microscope. 100x ko 400x haɓakawa ana bincikarsa da. Godiya ga wannan jarrabawar, Misalin Dirofilaria tare da microfilaria Acanthocheilonema reconditum ba tare da pathological ba Ana iya bambanta microfilariae daga juna.
Gwajin Knott da aka gyara wata hanya ce mai mahimmanci don gano cututtukan cututtukan zuciya, duka dangane da azancinsa da ikon rarrabe nau'ikan nau'ikan.
Me ya sa ake daukar x-ray a cikin bincike da bin diddigin cututtukan zuciya?
Hotunan X-ray na iya taimakawa mafi kyawun tantance tsanani da hasashen cututtukan zuciya da huhu. Alamomin cutar cututtukan zuciya, musamman a cikin lobes na huhu na baya Mafi yawan su ne rassan jijiyoyin bugun jini. Hakanan ana iya ganin canje-canjen farko na cutar a waɗannan wuraren. A lokuta da kamuwa da cuta mai tsanani. dama zuciya kara girma na iya faruwa.
Menene rawar duban dan tayi na zuciya (echocardiography) a cikin cututtukan zuciya?
Duban dan tayi yana ba da damar kimanta tasirin kamuwa da cututtukan zuciya akan aiki da tsarin jiki na zuciya. Cututtuka masu laushi wahalar ganowa akan duban dan tayi saboda tsutsotsi yawanci a cikin rassan gefen jijiyoyi na huhu ya rage iyaka. Duk da haka, babban tsanani kamuwa da cuta wolf a halin da suke ciki, a cikin rassan da ke kusa da jijiya na huhu ko cikin madaidaicin zuciya bayyane. Hemoglobinuria a cikin karnuka masu, a kusa da tricuspid bawul gano ciwon zuciya, Kaval Syndrome ya tabbatar da ganewar asali.
Menene manufar maganin tsutsotsin zuciya?
Babban burin jiyya sune:
1. Inganta Yanayin Asibitin Mara lafiya: Rage alamun cututtukan da ke da alaƙa da haɓaka ingancin rayuwa.
2. Kawar da Duk Matakan Zuciya: Cikakkiyar kawar da tsutsotsi da tsutsotsin manya.
3. Rage Tasirin Jiyya Masu Alaƙa: Hana ko sarrafa matsalolin da ka iya faruwa yayin jiyya.
Alamomin asibiti daban-daban A cikin karnuka masu nuna alamun kamuwa da tsutsotsi, yakamata a daidaita yanayin majinyacin gaba daya kafin a fara maganin manya.
Mummunan kamuwa da ciwon zuciya yana tasiri da abubuwa biyu:
• Yawan Wolves: Girman kamuwa da cuta ya dogara da adadin tsutsotsi a cikin jiki.
• Matsayin Ayyukan Kare: Matakan ayyuka masu yawa na iya cutar da yanayin kamuwa da cuta.
Don haka, dole ne a daidaita tsarin kulawa da yanayin mutum ɗaya. Koyaya, tsarin jiyya na gabaɗaya Dangane da ƙa'idodin da Ƙungiyar Zuciya ta Amurka ta bayar yakamata a shirya kamar haka.
Ta yaya za mu iya tabbatar da cewa an kawar da tsutsotsi masu girma a lokacin aikin maganin ciwon zuciya?
Gwajin antigen na zuciya shine hanya mafi aminci don tabbatar da ingancin maganin kawar da tsutsotsi na manya. Ana yin wannan gwajin kusan Bayan wata 6 ya kamata a yi amfani.
Yaushe muke buƙatar tiyata don magance cututtukan zuciya?
Kaval Syndrome (Heartworm-Hemoglobinuria)
Ciwon Caval yana tasowa sosai a cikin wasu karnuka masu kamuwa da cuta lokacin da tsutsotsi masu girma a wani bangare ko kuma suka toshe kwararar jini a kusa da bawul din tricuspid. Cutar tana da alaƙa da rashin ƙarfi mai tsanani, dyspnea, kodadde mucous membranes, rauni, da cunkoson hanta, kuma galibi yana tare da haemoglobinemia da haemoglobinuria. Hakanan ana iya gano gunaguni mai ƙarfi na zuciya da bugun jini mai faɗin jugular jijiya saboda regurgitation tricuspid. Ana yin ganewar asali ta amfani da duban dan tayi, wanda ke bayyana tsutsotsi a kusa da bawul ɗin tricuspid da/ko cava na baya. A irin waɗannan lokuta, dole ne a cire tsutsotsin zuciya ta hanyar tiyata, misali, ta amfani da ƙarfin Ishihara. Ana yin huda ta jijiyar jugular, kuma ana cire tsutsotsin zuciya a ƙarƙashin fluoroscopy. Ana ba da shawarar maganin manya na bayan tiyata don kawar da duk sauran tsutsotsi.
Wasu Labarun Kuna iya Sha'awarsu
"Ba a taɓa samun nasara ta hanyar bin hanyar mafi ƙarancin juriya."
Winston Churchill
